"This project paper explores the impact of colonization on America and how it changed almost every aspect of the land and its people. Europeans brought with them goods, ideas, and diseases that transformed the continent, creating stark divisions between slavery and freedom, the rich and the less wealthy. The paper identifies three turning points in American history - the Enlightenment in the colonies, the War of 1812, and the Election of 1864 - and how they were all linked to the fight against colonization and foreign rule imposed on the natives. The paper also discusses the six ideas that evolved from American Enlightenment thinking, including Deism, Liberalism, Republicanism, Conservatism, Toleration, and Scientific Progress. Finally, it examines the significance of the War of 1812 and how it became America's conflict against neo-colonialism, leading to a political shift from Federalists to the Whigs. Overall, this project paper provides an in-depth look at the impact of colonization on America and the subsequent transformation of the country, making it a valuable resource for students interested in American history."

The impact of colonization or expansion

   As Europeans moved past beyond exploration and into colonization of the Americas, they carried changes to for all intents and purposes each part of the land  and its kin, from trade and hunting to fighting and personal property. European merchandise, thoughts and diseases formed the evolving continent.

   As Europeans laid out their provinces, their social orders likewise became fragmented and separated along strict and racial lines. Most people in these social orders were not free; they toiled as workers or slaves, accomplishing the work expected to deliver abundance for other people. By 1700, the American landmass had turned into a position of unmistakable differences among slavery and freedom, between the wealthy and the less wealthy.

   The enlightenment in the colonies , The war of 1812  and The Election of 1864 are the earlier, middle and later turning points in American revolution. It is well connected to the colonization because the revolution taken place against the colonization and impose of foreign rules into natives.

The Enlightenment in the colonies  Many European and American Enlightenment figures were condemning of a majority rule government. Suspicious about the worth of democratic institutions was reasonable a tradition of Plato’s conviction that democracy led to tyranny and Aristotle’s view that democracy was awesome of the most horrendously terrible type of government. John Adams and James Madison propagated the etilist and anti-democratic idea that to put a lot of political power in the possession of uneducated and property-less individuals was to put society at steady risk of social and political commotion. Although a few America’s Enlightement thinkers censured democracy, others were more open to the possibility of well known rule as communicated in European social contract theories. Thomas Jefferson was emphatically affected by John Locke’s social contract theory, while Thomas Paine observed motivation in Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s. In the two Treatises on Government (1689 and 1690), Locke contended against the divine rights of kings and for government grounded on the assent of the governed, So long as people would have consented to give up a portion of their freedom delighted in a pre-political society or state of nature in return for the protection of fundamental privileges to life, freedom and property.

 The American Enlightenment happened in the 18_­^th century among thinkers in British North America and the early United states and was inspired by the thoughts of  British and French enlightenments. This enlightenment lead to the American revolution and the core idea of creation of the American republic. On taking American context, the thinkers like Thomas Paine, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and Benjamin Franklin developed the idea about scientific rationality, toleration on religions and political experiments. At least 6 ideas evolved in American enlightenment thinking.

·         Deism

·         Liberalism

·         Republicanism

·         Conservatism

·         Toleration and

·         Scientific progress

Deism is understanding God’s existence. Deists believed god as a reasonable deity. God formed the law of nature and humans took god’s will through good actions. Both moderate and radical thinkers of American Enlightenment such as James Madison, Benjamin Franklin and George Washington were deists.

Another idea related to American Enlightenment is Liberalism. It quotes that the humans have natural rights and the government is liable to the will and consent of those who being governed. The US Bill of Rights guarantees the individual rights on liberal ideas.

Republicanism promoted the idea that a nation should be governed as a republic. The governing head has to be elected instead of any hereditary blood-line. As North American colonists convinced that the British rule was corrupted and against the republican values, they joined militias and eventually the formation of American continental army under the command of George Washington occurred.

Even though conservation was a sub action to the enlightenment, conservatives were also incorporated the framework of enlightenment ideas. Conservatives went after the thought of a common agreement as a legendary development that neglected the majority of groups and perspectives in the society, a reality that made widespread assent unthinkable. Madison’s conservative view was different from Jefferson’s liberal view that a governing body should be convened every 20 years, for “the earth belongs to the living generation”.

Toleration or tolerant pluralism was likewise a significant subject in American Enlightenment thought. Tolerance of contrast created in corresponding with the early liberalism common among Northern Europe’s merchant class. It mirrored their conviction that contempt or fear about different races interfered with economic trade, extinguished freedom of thought and expression, disintegrated the reason for fellowship among countries and led to persecution and war. American thinkers acquired this guidelines of tolerant pluralism from their European Enlightenment fore bearers. Motivated by the Scottish Enlightenment scholars John Knox and George Buchanan.     

The American Enlightenment ideas emphasized science over faith and superstition. It strongly influenced the American colonies against the British imperialism in the eighteenth century. 

The War of 1812 has been called America's second War of Independence. Considering that the Revolutionary War was America's enemy of pioneer war, which effectively eliminated Great Britain's immediate political and financial control, then, assessing the international conditions of the early republic as framed beneath, it is sensible to see the War of 1812 as America's conflict against neo- colonialism — understanding neo- colonialism as an issue of monetary, political or social strategies planned or working so a more noteworthy power keeps up with circuitous command over another area or individuals.

The meaning of the War of 1812 in American history and in Anglo-American relations are the disappointment of the Federalist party and worked with an inward political change toward the Whigs of the subsequent American party framework. It moving financial matters from accentuation on brought together money and unfamiliar exchange and toward ventures of inside advancement, it settled the northern line with Canada, and reduced the danger of pilgrim plans in North America. However the political idea and hypothesis of "neo- colonialism" obviously postdates the War of 1812, the utilization of the expression " colonialism" to eighteenth and mid nineteenth century world undertakings, we will experience little difficulty with the utilization of "neo- colonialism" to a similar period, as an issue of financial, political or social approaches of a more prominent power focused on keep up with backhanded command over another area or individuals.

At the time the Jay Treaty was getting looked at by President Washington and the U.S. Senate, Alexander James Dallas, the Philadelphia Republican, was profoundly engaged with dynamic resistance. His connected works are demonstrative of the general, negative response of the Jeffersonian Republicans and gave early details of the issues which eventuated in the War of 1812. The deal had been endorsed by John Jay and Lord Grenville in London in November 1794, yet was not submitted to the Senate until June of 1795. While the Jay settlement of 1794 forestalled battle with Great Britain, it was generally viewed as unreasonably supportive of British, and it achieved barely anything to revise British practices or to stay away from American grumblings. The Jeffersonian contended that it was basically an inconsistent arrangement which safeguarded American transportation and business interests simply by making them auxiliary to Great Britain's conflict points and general business arrangements.

The United States pronounced battle on Great Britain by demonstration of Congress, endorsed by President James Madison on June 18, 1812. Madison had called for battle in his message of June 1, 1812, contending based on British impressment of American mariners on the high oceans, the capture of American boats and freights occupied with unfamiliar exchange and British actuation of their local American partners on the western boondocks. The action was extremely controversial in Congress, and passed on a hardliner premise: 79 to 49 in the House of Representatives and 19 to 13 in the U.S. Senate; all the Federalist individuals from Congress casted a ballot against the statement of war, and every one of the supporting votes came from the Jeffersonian Republicans. Madison and the Republicans had at long last chosen for battle to guard the America's impartial freedoms in worldwide exchange from dangers emerging from the conflicts of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. In any case, the U.S. was profoundly isolated by the conflict. The conflict was upheld by the Republicans and there was solid help from the South and the West. Resistance was gathered in New England, among the Federalists, and in America's worldwide business interests. Much exchanging with the foe happened all through the conflict, particularly across the Canadian line.

The origination of the War of 1812 as America's second conflict of autonomy is essentially solid. It planned to diminish British power and impact over America.

business and society, and it accomplished this point both inside and as an issue of international strategy. The conflict of 1812 was against the colonization of Britain forced over America.

The  Election of 1864  In the United States Presidential appointment of 1864, Abraham Lincoln was reappointed as president. Lincoln ran under the National Union pennant against his previous top Civil War general, the Democratic up-and-comer, George B. McClellan. McClellan was the "harmony competitor" however didn't by and by have confidence in his party's foundation.
The 1864 political race happened during the Civil War; none of the states faithful to the Confederate States of America took an interest.
Conservatives faithful to Lincoln, contrary to a gathering of Republican nonconformists who named John C. Frémont, got together with various War Democrats to shape the National Union Party. The new ideological group was framed to oblige the War Democrats.

On November 8, Lincoln won by north of 400,000 famous votes and effectively secured a constituent larger part. A few states permitted their residents filling in as officers in the field to project polling forms, a first in Quite a while history. Fighters in the Army gave Lincoln over 70% of their vote.
This was the primary political decision since the re-appointment of Andrew Jackson in 1832 that an occupant president won re-appointment. Lincoln's subsequent term was finished only a month and a half after introduction by his death.

The Election of 1864 was more critical in American history. In question was whether the conflict would end in unlimited surrender or negotiated settlement, which would bring about the slavery as Legal Institution.

Conclusion

All the three events detailed above are connected with the British imperialism in American colonies. The Enlightenment of the colonies was the first step in the resistance of the American people against the rule of British Empire. This helped to sow the first seeds of freedom in the minds of those who had been enslaved. They were inspired by the ideas of many thinkers like Thomas Paine, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, etc.

The war of 1812 was a war waged by the United states and its allies against the British. The conflict was a byproduct of the more extensive clash between Great Britain and France over who might rule Europe and the wider world. The two driving reasons for the conflict were the British Orders-in-council, which restricted American trade with Europe, and impressment, the Royal Navy’s practice of taking sailors from American merchant vessels to finish up the teams of its own chronically undermanned warships.

The Election of 1864 itself declares the supreme power of democracy over the colonialism. It was a remarkable achievement in American history. The people who was enslave for years have finally set free. If the conflicts preceded the president election 1864 if ended in a negotiation the people would have bring to the slavery again. These three turning points in American history is interconnected as all these was happened because of the colonization of the Great Britain over the country. Even the background situations or  period not justify  the point, the common achievement made was to set from slavery. The liberal and democratic ruling over the people, their wish. British empire conquered and exploited every nation they reach, the colonization in America influenced the life of people who lived there during the 16^th and 17^th century. They introduced several diseases to the people and led to an unprecedented movement of tobacco to the country. The history of American freedom fight is a very large topic to discuss.

 

Bibliography

Raltson Shane J, “American Enlightenment thought” In  The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution. Harvard: Harvard University Press, 1967.

H G Callaway , “ The war of 1812 as the second war of Independence”

Journal from ResearchGate (July 2012)

Vorenburg Michael, “ The Deformed Child Slavery and Election of 1864” ResearchGate, Sep 2001

“The Impact of Colonization” U S History | OS collections

Ahmed, Siraj. "Introduction: The Enlightenment and Colonial India" In The Stillbirth of Capital: Enlightenment Writing and Colonial India, 1-22. Redwood City: Stanford University Press, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780804778114-00

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